{"id":1319,"date":"2020-05-18T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/oiltech.com.ar\/?p=1319"},"modified":"2021-02-13T09:29:02","modified_gmt":"2021-02-13T12:29:02","slug":"estimulacion-matricial-aumenta-la-capacidad-de-flujo-en-tus-pozos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oiltech.com.ar\/en\/estimulacion-matricial-aumenta-la-capacidad-de-flujo-en-tus-pozos\/","title":{"rendered":"ESTIMULACI\u00d3N MATRICIAL"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Aumenta la Capacidad de Flujo en tus Pozos<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>AUTOR:<strong> <strong>Ing. Andr\u00e9s Marcano <\/strong><\/strong>&#8211; CEMENT SPECIALIST<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Limpieza del Pozo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antes de colocar un pozo en producci\u00f3n por primera vez es recomendable limpiarlo con una soluci\u00f3n \u00e1cida o una soluci\u00f3n a base de agua con surfactantes, debido a que los filtrados del lodo de perforaci\u00f3n y cemento (generalmente agua) producen <strong>da\u00f1o a la formaci\u00f3n<\/strong>. En algunos casos el filtrado puede formar emulsiones al contacto con el crudo del yacimiento y\/o causar altas saturaciones de agua en el \u00e1rea de invasi\u00f3n, e incluso puede cambiar la humectabilidad de la roca produciendo un bloqueo por agua. De igual forma, las arcillas naturales que se encuentran alrededor del pozo pueden hincharse bloqueando los espacios porales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Personal y Laboratorio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se requiere un personal altamente especializado para realizar las pruebas antes de ejecutar el tratamiento y tambi\u00e9n para ejecutar la operaci\u00f3n. La prueba de laboratorio m\u00e1s importante es la Rotura de Emulsi\u00f3n, la cual involucra el fluido de tratamiento y el crudo del pozo utilizando un surfactante ani\u00f3nico para determinar el Tiempo de Rotura que debe ir de&nbsp; 0-10 min.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fluidos para el tratamiento<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despu\u00e9s de haber evaluado el posible da\u00f1o a la formaci\u00f3n, se define el tipo de fluido para la Estimulaci\u00f3n. El <strong>\u00c1cido Clorh\u00eddrico<\/strong> <strong>(HCL) <\/strong>es el fluido de tratamiento m\u00e1s usado en las limpiezas, este reacciona con los carbonatos reduciendo la obstrucci\u00f3n. Si el fluido de perforaci\u00f3n del pozo invade una formaci\u00f3n que contenga dolomita o caliza, el \u00e1cido reacciona inmediatamente aumentando la capacidad de flujo. El \u00c1cido Clorh\u00eddrico tambi\u00e9n reacciona positivamente en areniscas, para ello se realiza una prueba donde se a\u00f1ade un surfactante ani\u00f3nico y una concentraci\u00f3n de solvente mutual. Este procedimiento permite dispersar los materiales insolubles y facilita su transporte a la superficie. As\u00ed mismo, rompe emulsiones y reduce la saturaci\u00f3n de agua en las cercan\u00edas del pozo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dise\u00f1o de la Estimulaci\u00f3n Matricial:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Normalmente, el dise\u00f1o del fluido a utilizar en la Estimulaci\u00f3n Matricial es una soluci\u00f3n de \u00c1cido Clorh\u00eddrico al 5% o 10% m\u00e1s surfactantes (0,1%-2%). El volumen a utilizar se calcula de acuerdo a la longitud del intervalo abierto a tratar o n\u00famero de perforaciones, se recomienda un volumen entre 20 y 50 gal\/pie de intervalo perforado u hoyo abierto. Seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda, el \u00e1cido invade de 2 a 3 pies alrededor del hoyo. Cuando la Estimulaci\u00f3n Matricial se realiza en dos o m\u00e1s etapas se utiliza un Agente Divergente, en este caso el m\u00e1s usado es el \u00c1cido Benzoico el cual es de f\u00e1cil diluci\u00f3n con el Cloruro de Amonio. Este se mezcla y bombea en el fluido de tratamiento, por regla se utiliza de 1\/4 a 1 lb de \u00c1cido Benzoico por cada pie de formaci\u00f3n a tratar multiplicado por el porcentaje de volumen de HCL definido para cada etapa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En caso de tratamientos en varias etapas y ya calculado el volumen de \u00c1cido Clorh\u00eddrico, se recomienda lo siguiente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tratamiento de Dos (2) etapas<\/strong>: El volumen total de \u00e1cido principal (HCL) se divide en dos (2) partes. En la primera etapa se mezcla el 30% del volumen total de HCl y el volumen de Divergente correspondiente a ese 30% (Calculado seg\u00fan la regla para el c\u00e1lculo del volumen de Divergente). En la segunda etapa se bombea solo el restante 70% del volumen total de \u00e1cido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tratamiento en Cuatro (4) etapas<\/strong>: El volumen total de \u00e1cido se divide en cuatro partes: 1) 5% del volumen total de \u00e1cido se mezcla con el volumen de Divergente seg\u00fan el porcentaje de HCL de la primera etapa y se bombea, 2) seguido de la mezcla de 15% del volumen total de \u00e1cido con el volumen de Divergente seg\u00fan el porcentaje de HCL de la segunda etapa, 3) seguido de 30% del volumen total de \u00e1cido con el volumen de Divergente seg\u00fan el porcentaje de HCL de la tercera etapa y 4) se bombea el restante 50% del volumen total de \u00e1cido, y se desplaza con una soluci\u00f3n de Cloruro de Amonio al 3% o un volumen de Nitr\u00f3geno en gas para mejor retorno a superficie del \u00e1cido gastado. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Generalmente, la tasa de bombeo es baja cuando se est\u00e1 inyectando el fluido de tratamiento (0,5 Bls\/min). La presi\u00f3n de trabajo debe mantenerse por debajo del gradiente de fractura para asegurar&nbsp;que todo el fluido entre en la zona que se supone est\u00e1 afectada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/oiltech-ingenieria-y-proyectos\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-youtube  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCB9FJYwPuVgZMfyTiHRjE8A\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.8,8.001c0,0-0.195-1.378-0.795-1.985c-0.76-0.797-1.613-0.801-2.004-0.847c-2.799-0.202-6.997-0.202-6.997-0.202 h-0.009c0,0-4.198,0-6.997,0.202C4.608,5.216,3.756,5.22,2.995,6.016C2.395,6.623,2.2,8.001,2.2,8.001S2,9.62,2,11.238v1.517 c0,1.618,0.2,3.237,0.2,3.237s0.195,1.378,0.795,1.985c0.761,0.797,1.76,0.771,2.205,0.855c1.6,0.153,6.8,0.201,6.8,0.201 s4.203-0.006,7.001-0.209c0.391-0.047,1.243-0.051,2.004-0.847c0.6-0.607,0.795-1.985,0.795-1.985s0.2-1.618,0.2-3.237v-1.517 C22,9.62,21.8,8.001,21.8,8.001z M9.935,14.594l-0.001-5.62l5.404,2.82L9.935,14.594z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">YouTube<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oiltech_ingenieria\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 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c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Instagram<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oiltechingenieria\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>INCREASE THE FLOW CAPACITY IN YOUR WELLS<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By:<strong> Ing. Andr\u00e9s Marcano &#8211; <\/strong>CEMENT SPECIALIST<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cleaning the well:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before placing a well in production, for the first time it, is advisable to clean it with an acid solution or a water-based solution with surfactants, because the drilling slurry and cement (usually water) filters cause formation damaged. In some cases filtration can form emulsions upon contact with the reservoir crude and\/or cause high water saturations in the invasion area, and may even change the wettability of the rock by producing a water blockage. Similarly, the natural clays around the well can swell by blocking poral spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Laboratory and personnel:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Highly specialized personnel are required to perform the tests before running the processing and also to execute the operation. The most important laboratory test is Emulsion Break, which involves treatment fluid and well crude using an anionic surfactant to determine the break time that should go from 0-10 min.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fluids for Treatment:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the possible damage to the formation has been evaluated, the type of fluid for the stimulation is defined. Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is the most used treatment fluid in cleanings, which reacts with carbonates reducing obstruction. If the well drilling fluid invades a formation containing dolomite or limestone, the acid will react immediately by increasing the flow capacity. Hydrochloric acid also reacts positively in sandstones, for this is done a test is carried out where an anionic surfactant and a concentration of mutual solvent are added. This procedure allows to disperse the insoluble materials and facilitates their transport to the surface. It also breaks emulsions and reduces water saturation around the well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design of Matrix Stimulation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Normally, the design of the fluid to be used in Matrix Stimulation is a 5% or 10% more surfactant hydrochloric acid solution (0.1%-2%). The volume to be used is calculated according to the length of the open interval to be treated or number of holes, a volume between 20 and 50 gal\/ft of perforated interval or open hole is recommended. According to the theory, acid invades 2 to 3 feet around the hole. When Matrix Stimulation is performed in two or more stages a Divergent Agent is used, in this case the most used is Benzoic Acid which is easy to dilute with Ammonium Chloride. This is mixed and pumped into the treatment fluid, as a rule it is used from 1\/4 to 1 lb of Benzoic Acid for each forming foot to be treated multiplied by the percentage of HCL volume defined for each stage. In case of treatments in several stages and already calculated the volume of Hydrochloric Acid, the following is recommended:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Treatment of two (2) stages: <\/strong>The total volume of main acid (HCL) is divided into two (2) parts. In the first stage, 30% of the total HCl volume and the Divergent volume corresponding to that 30% (Calculated according to the rule for calculating the divergent volume) are mixed. In the second stage only the remaining 70% of the total acid volume is pumped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Treatment in Four (4) stages: <\/strong>The total volume of acid is divided into four parts: 1) 5% of the total volume of acid is mixed with the volume of Divergent according to the percentage of HCL of the first stage and pumped, 2) followed by the mixture of 15% of the total acid volume with the divergent volume according to the percentage of Second Stage HCL, 3) followed by 30% of the total acid volume with the divergent volume according to the percentage of HCL of the third stage and 4) the remaining 50% of the total acid volume is pumped , and moves with a solution of Ammonium Chloride at 3% or a volume of Nitrogen in gas for better return to the surface of spent acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally, the pumping cup is low when the treatment fluid (0.5 Bls\/min) is being injected. The working pressure should be kept below the fracture gradient to ensure that all fluid enters the area that is supposed to be affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/oiltech-ingenieria-y-proyectos\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 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